Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers

RSA3408A

Characteristics

Trigger-related

Trigger Mode - Free run (triggered by acquisition); Triggered (Triggered by event), Single or Continuous

Trigger Event Source - Power (span BW); Frequency Mask (Opt 02); External

Pre-/Post-Trigger Setting - Trigger position settable within 0 to 100% of total acquisition length

Trigger Marker Position Timing Uncertainty (Power and External Trigger) - ±2 sample points

POWER TRIGGER

Level Range - 0 dBfs*² to –40 dBfs

FREQUENCY MASK TRIGGER (Opt 02)

Mask Resolution - 1 bin

Level Range - 0 dBfs to –60 dBfs*² at 10 dB/div vertical scale

Bandwidth -

Up to 36 MHz: Start frequency =40 MHz

Up to 40 MHz: Start frequency <40 MHz

Real-Time Event Detection Bandwidth (1024 point FFT) - 100% probability of event detection at all Real-Time spans

Minimum Event Duration - 1 frame time; events lasting less than one frame time will result in degraded Frequency Mask Trigger accuracy

Mask Shape - User-defined

Minimum Horizontal Mask Setting Resolution - <0.2% of span

Uncertainty - ±2 frames

*² dBfs: dB relative to full scale

EXTERNAL TRIGGER

Threshold Voltage - –1.5 V to +1.5 V

Threshold Voltage Setting Resolution - 0.1 V

Input Impedance - >2 kO

TRIGGER OUTPUT

Voltage (Output Current <1 mA) - HIGH: >2.0 V; LOW: <0.4 V

Capture-related

Real-Time Capture Bandwidth - 36 MHz, RF; 40 MHz, baseband; 40 MHz using Opt 03 IQ inputs

A/D Converter - 102.4 MS/s, 14 bits

Minimum Acquisition Length in RTSA/Time/Demod Modes - 1024 samples

Maximum Acquisition Length in RTSA/Time/Demod Modes - 16,384,000 samples; 65,636,000 samples, Opt. 02

Acquisition Length Setting Resolution in RTSA/Time/Demod Modes - 1024 samples

Acquisition Memory Size - 16.4 Msamples; 65.6 Msamples, Opt. 02

Block Size (number of frames) - 1 to 16,000; 1 to 64,000, Opt. 02

Memory Depth (time) and Maximum Time Resolution

Analysis-related

Measurement Functions by Mode

Mode	Measurements
SA	Channel Power, Adjacent Channel Power Ratio, Occupied Bandwidth, Emission Bandwidth, Carrier-to-Noise Ratio, Carrier Frequency, Spur search, db/Hz Marker, dBc/Hz Marker
RTSA	Channel Power, Adjacent Channel Power Ratio, Occupied Bandwidth, Emission Bandwidth, Carrier-to-Noise Ratio, Carrier Frequency, Spur search
Time	IQ vs. Time, Power vs. Time, Frequency vs. Time, CCDF, crest factor Pulse Measurements: Pulse Width, Pulse Peak Power, On/Off Ratio, Pulse Ripple, Pulse Repetition Interval, Duty Cycle, Pulse-Pulse Phase, Channel Power, OBW, EBW, Frequency Deviation (Min pulse length, 20 samples; Max pulse length, 16,384 samples), Channel Power, Frequency Deviation, and EBW (less than 16, 384 points)
Analog Demod	IQ vs. Time, AM Depth, FM Deviation, PM Deviation, Pulse Spectrum
General Purpose Digital Demod (Option 21)	Error vs. Time: EVM, Magnitude Error, Phase Error Error: Waveform Quality (rho), Frequency Error, Origin offset PDF: Probability of Occurrence vs. Power Level AM-AM, AM-PM, 1 dB Compression, Crest Factor

Views by Mode

Mode	Views
SA	Spectrum
SA/Spectrogram	Spectrum, Spectrogram
RTSA	Spectrum, Spectrogram
Time	Overview: Power vs. Time, Spectrogram
	Sub-view: Spectrum
	Main view: Measurement result
Analog Demod	Overview: Power vs. Time, Spectrogram
	Sub-view: Spectrum
	Main view: Measurement result
Digital Demod (Option 21)	Overview: Power vs. Time, Spectrogram
	Sub-view or Main View: Vector diagram Constellation diagram, data displayed at symbol times Error vector diagram Eye Diagram, adjustable, 1 to 16 symbols Trellis, adjustable, 1 to 16 symbols I/Q vs. Time, EVM vs. time Symbol Table, binary, octal or hexadecimal - Manchester, Miller, and NRZ decoding available for 2ASK and 2FSK modulation AM-AM display AM-PM display CCDF display PDF display

MEASUREMENT SPEED

Screen Update Rate - 2 MHz Span, AUTO RBW : 19.4/sec

Remote Measurement Rate and GPIB Transfer Rate (2 MHz span, auto RBW, spectrum data) - 1.87 Waveforms/sec, or 6,000 Samples/sec

RF Center Frequency Switching Time - <10 ms for 10 MHz frequency change; 500 ms for 3 GHz frequency change

TRACES, DISPLAYS, DETECTORS

Traces - Two traces, Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Displays - Up to three time-correlated, user-selected displays

Detector - RMS

Trace Types - Normal (RMS), Average, Max Hold, Min Hold

Display Detection - Max, Min, Max/Min

MODULATION ANALYSIS

Analog

AM

Minimum Input Level - –40 dBfs*², typical

PM

Minimum Input Level - –40 dBfs, typical

PM Scale, Max, Min - ±180°

FM

Minimum Input Level - –40 dBfs, typical

Range - ±Span/2 from center frequency

*² dBfs: dB relative to full scale

Digital (Option 21)

Modulation Formats - BPSK, QPSK, p/4 DQPSK, OQPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, 256QAM, GMSK, GFSK, 2ASK, 2FSK

Analysis Period - Up to 7680 sample points

Filter Types -

Measurement filters: Square root raised cosine, none

Reference filters: Raised cosine, Gaussian, none

Alpha/B*T range - 0.0001 to 1, 0.0001 step

DEMODULATION ACCURACY

Analog

AM (–10 dBfs signal, input at CF, 10 to 60% modulation depth) - ±2%

PM (–10 dBfs signal, input at CF) - ±3°

FM (–10 dBfs signal, input at CF) - ±1% of span

Digital (Option 21)

The following tables are examples of typical digital demodulation accuracy:

QPSK EVM (%), typical

Symbol rate, per second	100k	1M	4M	10M	20M
CF = 1 GHz	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.9	1.6
CF = 2 GHz	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.9	1.8
CF = 3 GHz	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.9	1.8
CF = 5 GHz	0.7	0.7	0.9	1.6	2.4

p/4 DQPSK EVM (%), typical

Symbol rate, per second	100k	1M	4M	10M	20M
CF = 1 GHz	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.9	1.8
CF = 2 GHz	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.9	1.8
CF = 3 GHz	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.9	1.8
CF = 5 GHz	0.7	0.7	0.9	1.6	2.4

16/64 QAM EVM (%), typical

Symbol rate, per second	100k	1M	4M	10M	20M
CF = 1 GHz	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.7	1.2
CF = 2 GHz	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.7	1.2
CF = 3 GHz	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.7	1.2
CF = 5 GHz	0.9	0.5	0.7	1.3	2.0

RF Performance

FREQUENCY

Frequency Range - DC to 8 GHz

Center Frequency Setting Resolution - 0.1 Hz

Frequency Marker Readout Accuracy, Baseband - ±(RE x MF + 0.001 x Span + 0.2) Hz

Frequency Marker Readout Accuracy, RF - ±(RE x MF + 0.001 x Span + 2) Hz

RE: Reference Frequency Error

MF: Marker Frequency (Hz)

Span Accuracy - ±1 bin

RBW Filter Bandwidth Accuracy - 0.1%

Reference Frequency -

Aging per Day – 1 x 10^-9 (after 30 days of operation)

Aging per Year – 1 x 10^-7 (after 30 days of operation)

Temperature Drift – 1 x 10^-7 (10 to 40 °C)

Total Frequency Error – 2 x 10^–7 (within one year after calibration)

Reference Output Level – >0 dBm

External Reference Input – 10 MHz, –10 dBm to + 6 dBm

Frequency Span -

Range, Spectrum Analyzer Mode –

50 Hz to 3 GHz, (Start Frequency =40 MHz)

0 Hz to 40 MHz, (Stop Frequency <40 MHz)

Range, Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer Mode –

100 Hz to 20 MHz, 36 MHz (RF)

0 Hz to 40 MHz, (Baseband)

IF Flatness -

Frequency	Bandwidth	Flatness
2 GHz	=36.6 MHz	±0.3 dB
5 GHz	=36.6 MHz	±0.3 dB

IF Phase Linearity -

Frequency	Bandwidth	Flatness
2 GHz	=36.6 MHz	±2.5°
5 GHz	=36.6 MHz	±2.5°

IF Filter Bandwidth -

Resolution Bandwidth Range – 1 Hz to 10 MHz, automatically selected or user-defined

Accuracy – Within 6.0% ±0.1%

Shape Characteristic – Gaussian, <5:1 shape factor (3:60 dB); Rectangular, Nyquist, Root Nyquist shapes may also be selected

Minimum Settable RBW (Extended Resolution ON)

Frequency	RBW
Span > 2 GHz	100 kHz
1 GHz < Span = 2 GHz	50 kHz
500 MHz < Span = 1 GHz	20 kHz
20 MHz < Span = 500 MHz	10 kHz
500 kHz < Span = 20 MHz	1 kHz
200 kHz < Span = 500 kHz	500 Hz
100 kHz < Span = 200 kHz	200 Hz
50 kHz < Span = 100 kHz	100 Hz
20 kHz < Span = 50 kHz	50 Hz
10 kHz < Span = 20 kHz	20 Hz
5 kHz < Span = 10 kHz	10 Hz
2 kHz < Span = 5 kHz	5 Hz
1 kHz < Span = 2 kHz	2 Hz
100 Hz < Span = 1 kHz	1 Hz

Noise Bandwidth Range, RTSA Mode – 250.545 mHz to 100.218 kHz

FFT Performance -

Number of samples per frame – 64 to 8192 (65,536 samples per frame, extended resolution).

Window types – Rectangular, Parzen, Welch, Sine-Lobe, Hanning, Sine-cubed, Sine-To-The 4th, Hamming, Blackman, Rosenfield, Blackman-Harris 3A, Blackman-Harris 3B, Blackman-Harris 4A, Blackman-Harris 4B, FlatTop.

STABILITY

Noise Sidebands, dBc/Hz

Offset	At 1 GHz CF		At 2 GHz CF		At 6 GHz CF
	Spec	Typical	Spec	Typical	Spec	Typical
1 kHz	-105	-107	-103	-105	-97	-99
10 kHz	-110	-112	-109	-111	-106	-108
20 kHz	-110	-112	-109	-111	-106	-108
30 kHz	-110	-112	-109	-111	-106	-108
100 kHz	-112	-115	-112	-115	-111	-113
1 MHz	-132	-135	-132	-135	-132	-134
5 MHz	-138	-140	-138	-140	-137	-139
7 MHz	-138	-140	-138	-140	-137	-139
10 MHz	-138	-140	-138	-140	-137	-139

Residual FM - 2 Hz, p-p, typical.

AMPLITUDE

Measurement Range - Displayed average noise level to MAX safe input.

Input Attenuator Range -

RF/baseband input – 0 dB to 55 dB, 5 dB step.

IQ Input (Opt 03) – 0 dB to 35 dB, 5 dB step.

Input Attenuator Setting Uncertainty (at 100 MHz, 10 dB ATT, 20 °C to 30 °C) - ±0.2 dB

Maximum Safe Input Level -

Average Continuous (RF band, RF ATT =10 dB) – +30 dB

MAX DC voltage – ±0.2 V, RF; ±5 V, Baseband; ±5 V, IQ input, Opt 03

Log Display Range - 10 µdB/div to 10 dB/div

Linear Display Scale - 10 divisions

Linear Display Units - dBm, dBµV, V, Watts, Hz for FM Demod, Degrees for PM Demod

Marker Readout Resolution, Log - 0.01 dB

Marker Readout Resolution, Linear - 0.001 µV

Frequency Response, 20 °C to 30 °C, RF ATT =10 dB

Frequency	Spec	Typical
100 kHz - 40 MHz	±0.5 dB	±0.3 dB
40 MHz - 3.5 GHz	±1.2 dB	±0.5 dB
3.5 GHz - 6.5 GHz	±1.7 dB	±1.0 dB
5 GHz - 8 GHz	±1.7 dB	± 1.0 dB

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy at Calibration Point (baseband, at 25 MHz, -10 dBm signal, 0  dB ATT, 20 °C to 30 °C) - ±0.3 dB

Absolute Amplitude Accuracy at Calibration Point (RF, at 100 MHz, -20 dBm signal, 0 dB ATT, 20 °C to 30 °C) - ±0.5 dB

Reference Level Setting Range -

1 dB step, RF, -50 dBm to +30 dBm;

5 dB step, baseband, -30 dBm to +20 dBm;

5 dB step, IQ, -10 dBm to +20 dBm

Reference Level Accuracy (-10 dBm to -50 dBm at 100 MHz, 10 dB ATT, 20 °C to 30 °C) - ±0.2 dB

Level Linearity in Display Range - ±0.2 dB, spec; ±0.12 dB, typical

SPURIOUS RESPONSE

1 dB Compression (RF ATT = 0 dB, 2 GHz CF) - +2 dBm

3^rd Order Inter-modulation Distortion (Ref Level = +5 dBm, RF ATT: adjusted for optimum, total signal power = -7 dBm, CF = 2 GHz) - -78 dBc

2^nd Harmonic Distortion (-30 dBm tone at input mixer, 10 MHz to 1750 MHz) - -65 dBc, typical

Displayed Average Noise Level, Specified, dBm/Hz

Frequency	Spec
10 MHz	-151
2 GHz	-150
3 GHz	-150
7 GHz	-142

Displayed Average Noise Level, Typical, dBm/Hz

Frequency	Typical
1 kHz - 10 kHz	-144
10 kHz - 10 MHz	-151
10 MHz - 100 MHz	-151
100 MHz - 1 GHz	-150
1 GHz - 2 GHz	-150
2 GHz - 3 GHz	-150
3 GHz - 5 GHz	-142
5 GHz - 8 GHz	-142

Residual Response

Frequency	Spec
1 to 40 MHz (Span=20 MHz, Ref Lvl =-30 dBm, RBW - 100 kHz)	-93 dBm
0.5 to 3.5 GHz (Span=3 GHz, Ref Lvl=-30 dBm, RBW=100 kHz)	-90 dBm
3.5 to 6.5 GHz (Span=3 GHz, Ref Lvl=-30 dBm, RBW=100  kHz)	-85 dBm
3.5 to 8 GHz (Span=3 GHz, Ref Lvl=-30 dBm, RBW=100 kHz)	-85 dBm

Spurious Response with Signal

Frequency	Spec
0 MHz (Span=10 MHz, Ref Lvl=0 dBm, RBW-50 kHz, Signal Frequency=25 MHz, Signal Level=-5 dBm)	-73 dBc
2 GHz (Span=10 MHz, Ref Lvl=0 dBm, RBW-50 kHz, Signal Frequency=2 GHz, Signal Level=-5 dBm)	-73 dBc
5 GHz (Span=10 MHz, Ref Lvl=0 dBm, RBW-50 kHz, Signal Frequency=5 GHz, Signal Level=-5 dBm)	-70 dBc
7 GHz (Span=10 MHz, Ref Lvl=0 dBm, RBW-50 kHz, Signal Frequency=7 GHz, Signal Level=-5 dBm)	-70 dBc

INPUTS AND OUTPUTS

Front Panel

Input Connectors - N type, RF/baseband; BNC type, IQ, Opt 03

Input Impedance - 50 O

VSWR, RF ATT >10 dB

Frequency	Spec	Typical
300 kHz -10 MHz	—	<1.4:1
10 MHz - 3 GHz	—	<1.3:1
2.5 GHz	<1.4:1	—
7.5 GHz	<1.8:1	—

Preamp Power Connector - Lemo, 6 poles: pin 1 = NC; pin 2 = ID1; pin 3 = ID2; pin 4 = -12 V; pin 5 = GND, pin 6 = +12 V

Rear Panel

Digital IQ Output (Option 05) -

Connector Type – MDR (3M) 50 pin x 2.

Data Output – I data: 16 bit LVDS; Q data: 16 bit LVDS.

Control Output – Clock: LVDS, MAX 51.2 MHz.

Control Input – IQ data output enabled, connecting GND enables output of IQ data.

Clock Rising Edge to Data Transition Time (hold time) – >5 ns.

Data Transition to Clock Rising Edge (setup time) - >5 ns.

Data from Option 05 requires application of correction factors to IQ data to achieve similar RF performance to RSA3408A.

10 MHz REF OUT - 50 O, BNC, > -3 dBm.

10 MHz REF IN - 50 O, BNC, -10 dBm - +6 dBm.

EXT TRIG IN - Ext Trig, BNC, High: 1.6 to 5.0 V, Low: 0 to 0.5 V.

GPIB Interface - IEEE 488.2.

TRIGGER OUT - 50 O, BNC, High >2.0 V, Low: <0.4 V (output current 1 mA).

Side Panel

LAN Interface (Ethernet - 10/100 Base-T (Std.).

Serial Interface - USB 1.1, two ports.

VGA Output - VGA compatible, 15 DSUB.

General Characteristics

Temperature Range -

Operating: +10 °C to +40 °C.

Storage: -20 °C to +60 °C.

Warm-up Time - 20 min.

Operating Altitude -

Operating: up to 3000 m (10,000 ft.)

Non-operating: up to 12,000 m (40,000 ft.)

Safety and EMI Compatibility -

UL 61010-1; CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1-04; IEC61010, second edition (Self Declaration).

Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC, amended by 93/68/EEC; EN61010-1: 2001 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for Measurement control and laboratory use.

EC Council EMC Directive 89/336/EEC, amended by 93/68/EEC;.

EN61326-1: 1997 Product Family Standard for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and Laboratory Use-EMC Requirements.

Electromagnetic Compatibility Framework:1992 AS/NZS 2064.1/2(Industrial, Scientific, and Medical Equipment).

Power Requirements - 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 47 Hz to 63 Hz.

Power Consumption - 400 VA max.

Data Storage - Internal HDD (40 GB), USB port, FDD.

Weight, without options - 20 kg, 44 lbs.

Dimensions -

Without bumpers and feet:

215 mm (H) x 425 mm (D) x 425 mm (W).

With bumpers and feet:

238 mm (H) x 470 mm (D) x 445 mm (W).

Calibration Interval - One year.

Warranty - One year.

GPIB - SCPI-compatible.